Community Care for Substance Misuse | Evaluation

Community Care for Substance Misuse | Evaluation From a service users perspective, critically evaluate people with substance misuse who live in supported housing. Introduction This paper discusses some salient aspects of community care of people with substance misuse who live in supported housing in the UK. Some of the issues that would be discussed include community care provisions with reference to legislative enactments; policy and practice initiatives in service sectors; a short review of the developments of community care policy and practice; an evaluation of the experiences of community care in a district and on different service users and carers– all these keeping in mind the requirement of anti-oppressive practice in working with service users and carers in community care. To keep the arguments within the ambit of the meaning and implications of the topic of discussion, and to impart clarity and precision to them, it is thought prudent to define at the outset the terms and concepts used in the course of discussion. A contextual definition of ‘service users’ adopted from the one given by Hanley et al in their 2003 INVOLVE report is that ‘service users’ are ‘patients; unpaid carers; parents/guardians; users of health services; disabled people; members of the public who are the potential recipients of health promotion/public health programmes; groups asking for research because they believe they have been exposed to potentially harmful circumstances, products or services; groups asking for research because they believe they have been denied products or services from which they believe they could have benefited; organisations that represent service users and carers† (Hanley, B et al, 2003, p.13). The words or the phras e â€Å"substance misuse† means the use of illegal drugs, or the improper use of alcohol, or prescribed medication, or over-the-counter medicines, or volatile substances such as aerosols and glue. ‘Substance misuse’ has become as much a serious problem among older adults as among the young; causing physical and mental health problems for them. Substance misuse has also the wider impact of affecting not only the lives of those directly involved but also those of their families and the communities in which they live. Gavin defines supported housing as â€Å"accommodation wherereceipt of housing supportservices is a condition of residence† (Gavin, n. d.) He continues to say that such â€Å"accommodationcan be grouped individual self-contained flats, or may be shared housing, with or without shared communal facilities. Support staff may be based on-site or be visiting staff. This type of housing is usually provided for groups of people with similar needs, e.g . older people, homeless people, people with mental health problems or those recovering from alcohol problems. People can live in supported housing for varying lengths of time, dependent on their individual needs and the type of service† (Gavin, n.d). Government Policy in respect of service and care In one of its published documents (DH 2002), the Department of Health has given detailed guidance about the regulation on ‘Supported Housing and Care Homes’. The document begins by saying that â€Å"Government policy for community care aims to promote independence, while protecting service users’ safety† (DH 2002). Contextually, here ‘independence’ would obviously imply the freedom for individuals to choose on their own the housing, the care and support, including the embedded choices in respect of risk and protection. One objective of the Care Standards Act, 2000 has been to ensure high standards of care and to protect vulnerable people. The Act, however, has not changed the definition of a care home and matters implicit in that definition. â€Å"In respect of personal care the specified types of care include assistance in physical activities such as feeding, bathing, toileting, and dressing; in non-physical tasks such as encouragement, advic e and supervision relating to physical activities; and emotional and psychological support in social functioning, behaviour management, and assistance with cognitive functions† (DH 2002). Anti-oppressive stance in service users and carers in community care In a multi-racial and multicultural society such as that of the UK, it is imperative that service users and carers should rise above common prejudices and discriminatory practices to be true to the requirements of their profession. To assist voluntary adherence to such practices, the UK has enacted legislation mandating anti-discriminatory practices in the provision of ‘social services’ and care facilities. This requirement is incorporated in the Sex Equality Act 1975, the Race Relations Act 1976 and the Children Act 1989; and reinforced by other legislations such as the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, the Race Relations Amendment Act 2000 and the Human Rights Act 1998. Anti-oppressive practice demands knowledge of the legislation and an understanding of the personal values of service users. An Open University document says that some of the ways in which anti-oppressive practice enter into practice include â€Å"‘colour-blindness’ (or blindness to other aspects of identity): ‘multi-culturalism’: thinking that it is enough to learn about other people’s culture and to celebrate diversity without examining our own attitudes; concentration on one aspect of identity to the exclusion of others; failing to ask service users how they like to be thought of, in other words asking them to define their own identity; cultural relativism: excusing abusive or criminal behaviour on the grounds of culture or other aspects of identity; failing to act for fear of being thought racist (or sexist, ageist or disablist). Social workers need to examine and question the sources and nature of their own power and the ways in which this is exercised in their relations with children and families and service users† (OUL, p. 107). It is also necessary to encourage the use and implementation of the GSCC’s Codes of Practice to social care workers, service users and carers (GSCC, 2002). Service users relation with anti-oppression practices (AOP) need a little further elaboration, as it is a much debated issue and an equally ‘sore’ one in the repertory of the social workers’ kitty. It can be said that in recent years public conscience has been outraged at an all-pervasive emergence of AOP in the work of service users and a simultaneous emergence of the ‘philosophy of ‘anti-oppressive practice’ in social work challenging discrimination in all forms and along all lines of disparity, including race or ethnicity, culture, sexuality, gender, disability and age. It is to the credit of ‘social work providers’ to have pioneered this development and to come in for the brunt of much criticism (Wilson and Beresford, 2000). We find that in 1970 an influential document, The Client Speaks did not include in its sample service users people not born in the UK â€Å"since the reaction of ‘non-natives’ to social work ar e likely to be complicated by cultural differences, language problems and so forth† (Meyer and Timms, 1970). However, despite social work’s ‘commitment’ to AOP policies and practices, equal access to services and support, and the provision of â€Å"culturally appropriate services and support have continued to be qualified† (Watson and Riddell, 2003). Inadequate access, or repeated denial of it, to important social work and social care services were reported by minority ethnic service users, who also said to have been ‘pushed’ as it were to the use of less valued areas of intervention in care services (Beresford and others, 1987; Vernon,  1996). Morris (1996) says that there is a wide prevalence of ‘inappropriate assumptions about BME (Black and Minority Ethnic) service users’; â€Å"for example, the levels of informal support available to them, continue to be reported (Morris, 1996). Some issues relating to refugees and asylum seekers, â€Å"where social work may be expected to be part of the policing and control processes introduced where citizen rights have not been granted or have been refused† were also said to worrying issues. (Shah, 1995). Other issues pointed out by service users in which they experience problems relate to their social work practice on the basis of gender, disability and age (Morris, 1991). Another issue concerning community care, although not directly related to AOP, has been the ‘inordinate pressure’ for people to be placed in residential care. Large number of people is estimated to be living in such provisions and they include older people and disabled people of younger age, who according to service users could be supported to live in their own homes n accordance with the objectives of the community care paradigm. Along with the increase in the number of people in supported housing, another development has been that the service users have been able to impact on policy (Thompson, 1991). This has been evident from the introduction of direct payments schemes with new legislation in 1997 (Glendinning and others, 2000). People receiving direct payments have steadily increased in number along with the expansion of the range of service users receiving direct payments. (example, Newbigging with Lowe, 2005). It may be recalled that direct payments were pioneer by the disabled people’s movement. The aim was to put the individuals who received support to be in charge of the cash that the support would cost; and for them to decide on what support they wanted; from where to have that support (from disabled people’s organizations, for instance); to initiate and run such schemes; and for the support to be sufficient to make it possible for them to have ‘independent living’; that is to say for people to live their lives as far as possible on equal terms to non-disabled people or non-service users (Barnes, 1993). Direct payments scheme, however, met with serious problems and obstacles which undermined it. Local Authorities officials opposed it because they in the scheme a steep erosion of their control over their own services. In many instances the prescribed budgetary limits have meant that direct payments have often not been sufficient to ensure independent living. Further, â€Å"frequently there has not been equity between service users; the process of assessment has continued to be dominated by traditional professional values, direct payments appear often to have been understood officially in consumerist terms (as if people were just buying services), rather than as a means of empowerment, requiring infrastructural support; and contracts have increasingly been placed away from disabled people’s  organisations to commercial organisations which have undercut them and offered an inferior service. The cumulative effect has been to subvert direct payments as a truly different approach to personal and social support (Beresford and others, 2005). The government has reiterated its policy of individualised approaches to support a central plank in social care policy by bringing together different funding agencies to provide support for service users (Duffy, 2004, 2006). Care-service in Bradford To examine a representative district-centred programme to tackle the ‘evil’ of alcohol misuse, a brief account of the Bradford district’s ‘alcohol harm reduction strategy’ is considered here. According to a ‘Draft Status Report’ on the subject,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bradford is in the highest (worst) quartile for all three types of alcohol-related crime (all crimes; violent offences; sexual offences) included in the 2006 Local Alcohol Profiles for England (NWPHO). The number of all crimes in Bradford attributable to alcohol in both 2004-5 and 2005-6 was just over 12 per 1000, down from nearly 15 per 1000 in 2003-4; alcohol related violent offences for all three years was fairly stable at between 8 and 9 per 1000 population. Alcohol-related sexual offences increased significantly in 2005-6 to a three-year high of around 0.16 per 1,000 (NWPHO, 2006 – this data is based on the Government Strategy Unit’s formula for alcohol attributable fra ctions for each crime, which was developed from survey data on arrestees who tested positive for alcohol). 20% of Penalty Notices for Disorder (PNDs) issued by WY Police in 2004 to 16 and 17-year olds, and 24% of those to adults, were for alcohol-related disorders† (Smith, 2006). To tackle this problem of alcohol misuse Bradford District has put in place ‘the Bradford District Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy’ based on the 2004 National strategy for the purpose. The Bradford Strategy has the objective of â€Å"continually reducing alcohol misuse and the personal and social harms it causes, so enabling ever-increasing numbers of Bradford residents and visitors to live healthy and fulfilling lives, free from crime, disorder, intimidation, anti-social behaviour and avoidable health problems† (Smith 2006). Specifically the strategy aims to â€Å"reduce the number of people who drink alcohol above recommended limits; to reduce alcohol-related crime, disorder, nu isance and anti-social Behaviour; to reduce the harm caused by alcohol misuse within families; to reduce the prevalence of harmful drinking by children and young people aged under-18; to reduce alcohol-related accidents and fires; and to ensure that Bradford City Centre and outer town and village centres are areas that the local population and visitors can enjoy without fear of alcohol-related violence and victimization† (Smith 2006). The Bradford Metropolitan District Council APA Impact Analysis 2007, says that â€Å"134 young people in substance misuse treatment (April – Feb 07) shows 54 YP currently  Receiving substance misuse treatment from Specialist CAMHS [Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Service]; 100% of young offenders are screened for substance misuse in 2006/07, and 92.9% of those testing positive were referred for specialist assessment, an improvement of 16.4% on the previous year. The figure for entry to treatment also increased by 9.6%. In 06/07 there have been 4 substance related admissions to hospital in young people aged under19 years mirroring figures for 2005/06† {Bradford Metropolitan District Council APA Impact Analysis, 2007). Development of community care policy The UK community care policy is based on three planks of ‘autonomy’, ‘empowerment’ and ‘choice’ (Levick 1992). There have been disputes going on since the introduction of the NHS and Community Care Act (1990). On the one hand, the Act and its policy guidance have been seen as a significant development in the care reform for older people. Three factors have contributed to the enactment of the legislation: first ‘the marketisation’ of the public sector from 1979 onwards (Means and Smith 1997); second, in theory, joint planning between health and social services promoted integrated and multidisciplinary community services; in practice, such arrangements failed to realise such services and were criticised as pedestrian and patchy; and third, the government policy of privatisation encouraged people to enter private residential homes through a system of social security financing different from that of local and health authorities. (Mooney 1997). This policy essentially channelled public sector funds into the private institutional sector while leaving the domiciliary sector chronically under-resourced. It is the older people who were adversely affected in a serious manner by the policies of the 1980s in respect of community care. The Audit Commission (1986) pointed out the principal fallacy of the perverse fina ncial incentive which supported the development of private institutional care at the expense of community care, through the income support system. In 1989 government accepted the findings of the Griffiths Report of 1988 and came out with a three-pronged policy: user choice, non-institutional services promotion, and targeting. In 1990, the Community Care Act was put on the statute book. Conclusion In concluding this essay it may be recalled that this paper has been an exercise in delineating some important aspects and issues relating to people with substance misuse who live in supported housing in UK. In the course of discussion issues relating to the various concepts and concerns of the subject matter of the discourse have been explored and analysed. It was seen that service users want to see social work which will be non-discriminatory and which will intervene on their behalf, offer support to secure their rights and needs. It has also been seen argued that â€Å"social work could be more effective in safeguarding service users (both adults and children) from the risks that they currently encounter in the social care system, including serious risks of neglect, abuse, denial of rights, bullying, racism, etc† (Beresford and others, 2005; Branfield and others, 2005). References Audit Commission (1996) Balancing the Care Equation: Progress with Community Care, HMSO, London. Barnes, C. (1993), Making Our Own Choices: Independent living, personal assistance and disabled people, Derby, British Council of Organisations of Disabled People. Beresford, P. Shamash, 0. Forrest, V. Turner, M. and Branfield, F. (2005), Developing Social Care: Service users’ vision for adult support (Report of a consultation on the future of adult social care), Adult Services Report 07, London, Social Care Institute for   Excellence in association with Shaping Our Lives. Bradford Metropolitan District Council APA Impact Analysis, (2007): at www.bradford.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/7697DD51-729F-45D6-BF6E/0/BradfordMDCImpactAnalysis2007FinalVersion.pdf [accessed Oct. 26. 2008] Branfield, F. Beresford, P. Danagher, N. and Webb, R. (2005), Independence, Wellbeing And Choice: A response to the Green Paper on Adult Social Care: Report of a consultation with service users, London, National Centre for Independent Living and Shaping Our Lives. DH (2002); Department of Health: â€Å"Supported Housing and Care Homes Guidance on Regulation†; File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat; at www.cat.csip.org.uk/_library/docs/Housing/supportedhsgandcarehomes.pdf/ [accessed Oct. 26, 2008] Duffy, S. (2004) In Control, Journal of Integrated Care Vol 12, No 6, December 2004, pp 19-23. Duffy, S. (2006) The implications of individual budgets, Journal of Integrated Care Vol 14, No 2, April 2006, pp 7-13 Galvin, John: â€Å"Supported Housing: Definition†; at www.thehousekey.org/jargon-supported-housing.aspx/ [accessed Oct.25, 2008] Glendinning, C. Halliwell, S. Jacobs, S. Rummery, K. and Tyrer, J. (2000), Buying Independence: Using direct payments to integrate health and social services, Bristol, Policy Press Griffiths, Sir R (1988) Community Care: Agenda for Action, HMSO, London. GSCC (200) General Social Care Council: Codes of Practice for Employers of Social Care Workers, London, GSC Hanley, B et al (2003): â€Å"Involving the public in NHS, public health, and social care research: Briefing notes for researchers† (second edition), INVOLVE at www.invo.org.uk/pdfs/Briefing Note Final.dat.pdf [accessed Oct.25, 2008] Levick, P (1992) The Janus face of community care legislation: An opportunity for Radical Opportunities in Critical Social Policy, Issue 34, Summer 1992, pp.76-81. Mayer, J.E. and Timms, N. (1970): The Client Speaks: Working class impressions of casework: London, Routledge and Kegan Paul Mooney, KM (1997): â€Å"Preoperative Management of paediatric patient†; Plastic Surgical Nursing Journal, 17(2) 69-71. Morris, J. (1991), Pride Against Prejudice, London, Women’s Press. Morris, J. (editor), (1996), Encounters With Strangers: Feminism and disability, London, Women’s Press. Newbigging, K. with Lowe, J. (2005), Direct Payments And Mental Health: New Directions, York, Joseph Rowntree Foundation in association with Pavilion Publishing and Research into Practice. OUL: Open University Learning: â€Å"Anti-oppressive practice†: File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat – http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3499/K113_1_PracticeCards_p105-112.pdf / [accessed Oct.26, 2008] Powell. Jason L (1990): â€Å"The NHS and Community Care Act (1990) in the United Kingdom: A Critical Review† Centre for Social Science, Liverpool John Moores University, UK Shah, R. (1995), The Silent Minority: Children with disabilities in Asian families, London, National Children’s Bureau. Smith, Nina (2006), Senior Policy Officer, Bradford District Council: â€Å"Status Draft for Consultation; Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy For Bradford District†; at www.bradford.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2EDEB823-302B-4352/0/AlcoholHarmReductionStrategyconsultationDraft070 [accessed Oct. 25, 2008] Thompson, C. (editor), (1991), Changing The Balance: Power and people who use services, Community Care Project, London, National Council for Voluntary Organisations Vernon, A. (1996), A Stranger In Many Camps: The experience of disabled black and ethnic women, in Morris, J. (editor), Encounter With Strangers: Feminism and disability, London, Women’s Press. Watson, N. and Riddell, S. (editors), (2003), Disability, Culture And Identity, Harlow, Pearson Education. Wilson, A. and Beresford, P. (2000), Anti-Oppressive Practice: Emancipation or appropriation?, British Journal of Social Work, No. 30, pp553-573.

Project Budget Paper Essay

The project for the company offsite 2 day training session has given a preliminary go-ahead. The budget of the project will determine any important factors that will impact the training project. The company of AER has given the opportunity for all workers to get the training required. The budget of the 2-day training session project will recover any expenses that occur before the initiation, during processes, and until completion of the project. Resources The first step of the project is to develop a budget. The budget management process involves the project manager in developing all the cost, estimates, and the total amount of money resources necessary for the implementation of all the activities. All the tasks and events are defined and stated in the WBS and Schedule in the lower section of the memorandum. Budget Development Budget development should cover the capital, and the operating expenses to ensure the success of the project completion. The project manager needs to gather all the funding requirements and then send a formal request to the sponsor. The sponsor needs to look first in the feasibility study, business case, and project charter before making any final decision. For developing a budget project sheet, there are a few estimation methods, like the cost baseline measurement, and the cost aggregation. The budget development is  the initiation of the project that will measure all the tasks with cost and time. The process will be evaluated with decisions of the participants. The milestones reflected in the document will be also revised by the specialist of the cause and utilized for further interruptions. Budget Use The next step of the budget is to allocate the financial resources and start running the plan of the budget. The project manager has to control and track the budget resources to make sure the task is performed with necessary funding. Also the project manager has to make sure that there is no lack of money for the implementation of the entire project. We need to develop an investment plan to track and control the budget for better results. This document will include justifications and approvals for necessary items and services. The investment plan will support the project with any acquisition. After it gets completed, the project manager will have sent the investment approval request to all the stakeholders. Budget Measurements and estimates This phase of the project is the most important because it has to be appropriately done with cost performances. The project manager has to work with performance data, like deliverables, and cost-schedule estimates. Developing the budget analysis, and performance reviews will help conduct the project in the right direction. In this step we will compare the current cost performance against the planned amount of financial resources discussed in the project budget. In case of any deviations, it is necessary to make formal changes request to modify the budget with approvals. Budget Updating After all the changes have been done, the project manager can proceed with the update of the budget plan sheet to make any deviations, or changes to the original break down structure of financial resources. In the update, we can make changes to the cost estimates, cost performance, resource activity estimates, and the cost management plan. References My management guide. (2010-2014). Retrieved from http://www.mymanagementguide.com/project-budget-and-financial-resources/ Project Management Docs. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.projectmanagementdocs.com/project-planning-templates/work-breakdown-structure-wbs.html

What Everyone Is Saying About Illustration Essay Topics Social Problem Is Dead Wrong and Why

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An interpersonal relationship can be defined as two or more people who have a strong, deep or close association. The three components Sternberg uses are intimacy, passion and commitment. His theory uses 6 manifestations which are combinations of the three components. This covers a variety of different kinds of relationships in human kind. Sternberg’s theory of love hasRead MoreLove Is A Powerful Feeling Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesLove is a powerful feeling; it makes you do crazy thing. Many people spend years trying to find it, others give up thinking they’ll never find it. Love has been defined as an intensive feeling of a deep romantic or sexual attachment to someone. Of course, Love doesn t have to romantic and/or sexual. People who are ace, as in asexual, aromantic and agender, can still be in relationships that are satisfying for them without the needs of a romantic relationship. Familial love is also non-romantic-sexualRead MoreRelationship Between Gregory And Shelby Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pagestheir relationship. Both my observation and the interview conducted were important tools which allowed me to view their relationship objectively and more intimately. Applying the theories associated with love allows for a better understanding of the relationship. These theories include the Wheel The ory, the Triangular Theory, and the concept of intimacy. The connection between Gregory and Shelby began as a working relationship. Soon after, a rapport between Gregory and Shelby was established. NoticingRead MoreBlack Lady And A New Black Aesthetic Male Enter Into A Relationship1319 Words   |  6 Pagesblack males who strongly promote it. Lastly, one can strongly this black man is more likely to succeed in society due to ability to be part of the White society. So, how can these two individuals fall in love and engage in a committed relationship? The Reese and Lee’s wheel theory of love development will be utilized to explain the building of such relationship. First, both individuals are required to build a rapport, the notion of becoming comfortable with each other. Finding each other’s similarities

Outline the argument supermarket power is a zero -sum game Free Essays

Outline the argument supermarket power is a zero -sum game BY bluebell Outline the argument that supermarket power Is a â€Å"zero-sum†game Before we discuss the argument let us understand first what the terms â€Å"power† and â€Å"zero-sum† mean. Power is a complex term used denote influence, control and domination, (Taylor, et al. 2009,p. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline the argument supermarket power is a zero -sum game or any similar topic only for you Order Now 59). The power used by supermarkets includes buying and market power. The big four supermarkets in the U. K. Account for approximately 75% of the food and groceries market therefore giving them significant market power. Their buying power Is the ability they have to negotiate prices with suppliers and the rage chains thus being able to demand discounts when buying In such large quantities. This gives them the ability to influence things such as pricing, for example offering goods at below cost prices. The term zero-sum game is used when one party’s gain will be another’s loss therefore equaling a zero sum. A good example of this is slicing a pie, if one person takes a large slice there is less for everyone else. The pro supermarket campaigners argue that the supermarkets use their power for good and all parties Involved benefit to some extent creating a positive sum gain but he the following argues to the contrary__ As shoppers they offer us a wide variety of products at affordable prices, in accessible locations. Additionally they offer employment, boosting local skills and helping to draw in other businesses such as restaurants and retailers to sometimes failing local economies but at what cost to others? Do the low prices mean that somewhere down the supply chain someone else’s profits are being squeezed? Has the out of town retail park been a catalyst In the decline of Britain’s high streets? In 2006 retail commentator Judi Bean reported hat the big four operated around 3900 stores with Tests alone taking one pound at the tills for every three we spend. Since then they have continued to grow branching out into the corner shop concept and opening an additional 1500 stores in a bid to capture even more trade. In years gone by our towns would have a variety of independent shops made up of butchers, bakers and fishmongers, but these are in decline and we are now dominated by by big chain stores offering us practically Identical goods at very similar prices. If this Is the case are they really offering us any hospice at all? Across the country they monopolies towns and areas where small local businesses are unable to compete on pricing being forced to shut down. Food writer Joann Blackman, (2005) uses Dundee as an example and recalls that in the sass the town had ten bakers; now there are two left, five fishmongers with one remaining and eight or nine butchers only one of which has survived and six grocers where again only one has survived.. In their place are four Testes, two Sad, a Morrison and a Kingsbury. In her pollen there Is a distinct correlation between the arrival of the gig chains and the demise of the small independents, thus implying a zero-sum game. The supermarkets have an immense buying power and their supply chain stretches across the globe. When dealing with the large conglomerates like Proctor and Gamble, Milliner and Nestle the balance of power is pretty much even, as their global muscle puts them in a strong position to negotiate. However the farmers, such a fortunate position. Small suppliers claim that the supermarkets are continually putting pressure on them, coercing them into prices cuts that push them to the point that there economic livelihood is in doubt. This relationship between the suppliers and supermarkets can be depicted as a David and Goliath affair, with the small independents up against the big multiples Just as the small independent stores on the high street are up against the big chain stores as previously mentioned. With this pressure being applied to suppliers to keep costs down they in turn pass this on to their employees. Here in the I-J we have low paid often migrant workers cutting, sorting and packing vegetables and salads for the big stores. Felicity Lawrence has written about the exploitation of these workers in her book Not on the Label (2004) and in newspaper investigations. She highlights how agency workers, often from eastern European countries such as Romania, Poland and Bulgaria, are employed by â€Å"gang masters† to work on farms and in processing and packing plants and are frequently paid hourly rates below the minimum wage, are subjected to illegal deductions and are bussed from Job to Job at their employers will. These people are not directly employed by the supermarkets but, she claims, that they are aware of the practices and turn a blind eye to it so they can continue to benefit from he situation. Additionally she points out that you will not see any such evidence of this on labels of the packets of salad or bags of chicken pieces which line their shelves. Lawrence implies that we as consumers can indulge in cheap products at the expense of those exploited and often vulnerable workers. You could therefore infer that the supermarkets are using their power or dominance to control the labor market. For us to gain from the low prices at the checkout someone else must lose out in the case it is the suppliers and their workforce. With this in mind let us look rather field at the workers in such places as Bangladesh. In 2006 and 2007 The War on Want, a U. K. Based non-governmental organization, made accusations against Sad and Tests that they were boosting profits and the expense of the workers in the sweatshops of Bangladesh. They carried out a survey in six large facilities in Dacha, each employing between 500-1200 workers. The results of the survey showed that the worker, of which the majority are female, had been subjected to overcrowding and unhygienic work conditions along with forced overtime and verbal intimidation, tit access to trade unions being refused. All the factories surveyed were known to be supplying cheap clothing to the I-J market, specifically Tests and Sad and all were paying wages below that needed to provide for themselves and their family. The pressure applied by the stores on the factory owners to keep costs down means that they have no room to maneuver. The war on want claim that it the absence of a living wage in such places that keep our Jeans, shoes and other clothing at such low prices. Taking all of the above into account we can conclude that although we as nonusers benefit from low pricing and abundance of choice and the supermarkets continue to increase their profits, there are many within the chain that don’t benefit so greatly. We can therefore say that supermarket power is definitely a zero sum game. Word count – 1134 Bean, J. (2006) Trolley Wars: The Battle of the Supermarkets, London, Profile Books Blackman, J (2005): Shopped: The shocking Power of British Supermarkets, London, Profile Books Lawrence, F (2004) Not on the Label, London, Penguin War on Want (2006), fashion Victims: The true cost of cheap clothes at Primary. Sad and Tests, London, How to cite Outline the argument supermarket power is a zero -sum game, Essays

Logistics Service Quality Evaluation System

Question: Discuss about the Logistics Service Quality Evaluation System. Answer: Introduction: I have been specializing in supply chain management and logistics. I have been assigned with the task of identifying future challenges, which would be influencing my area of specialization. There are various activities that is acknowledged in the supply chain management and it includes new product development, marketing, customer service and finance. Logistics on the other hand comprised of activities such as distribution, procurement, inventory management and maintenance. Concerning my area of specialization, I have conducted a secondary research on identifying challenges faced in this area. In this regard, I have identified relevant global mega trends and discipline specific challenges required by professionals for embracing and accommodating needs of future. The aim of research is to identify area of diversity, relevant global mega trend and discipline specific challenges faced by supply chain management. The various research questions are: What are the specific challenges faced by supply chain management and logistics? How Supply chain management contributes in achieving maximum level of customer satisfaction? What are the mitigation measures adopted for reducing supply chain risk in organization? Explanation of supply chain management, logistics, and work diversity that took place in this field: The major new development in the global trade in logistics area that are expected to play a significant role. This would be affecting every business of export and imports of goods. Trade compliance firm and customer brokerage in North America have focused on simplifying the movement of goods through international borders. Simplicity to trade processes and access to open market have resulted in business expansion and it has resulted in creating unprecedented opportunity. Supply chain is involved in through the downstream and upstream linkages in the different activities and processes that reduces values in the form of services and goods (Beske and Seuring 2014). Managing the supply chain leads to the coordination of location, production, inventory and transportation in the supply chain for achieving the efficiency and best responsiveness of the markets being served. It has been depicted that for meeting the new demands there is a need on part of logistics provider to adapt to global c hanges and this might call for partnership or service combination between local and global providers. Certain areas such as primary fixed cost and warehouse and economies of scale having come expected with ships is difficult to achieve. I have come to know that supply chain organizations with continuing global growth will have complex and larger supply chain. There are five major trends identified by me that has impacted business globally. Trend is regarded as change in global scale that are verified with global data and it is seen that in light of these trends, business are changing and identifying their strategies. Demographic changes is one of the trend that is affecting the labor force and this will it more difficult for companies for acquiring talent in developed countries. Majority of the companies are changing the way they are attracting and retaining employees (Beske et al. 2014). Many countries have been experiencing challenges in supply chain and there is a need on part of government, logistics service providers and companies. Extended supply chain will have more risks and number of suppliers, markets, factories, global service providers will increase. Implication of this demographic change is that the amount of tax imposed by government and this would lead the companies to revise their business models for increasing in pension costs. It is required by workers to improve their skills or learn new technical skills for staying competitive in job markets (Chen and Shen 2015). Identification of broad trends influencing business and area of specialization: Another trend is the advancement in technology and this new developments helps in creating new industries. Breakthroughs have resulted from advances in nanotechnology, mobile technology, research, development, and mobile technology. Companies tackle such changes by anticipating how they will affect the customer trends. Implication of advancement in technology and use of the technology will be a necessity instead of advantage. Global warming is one of the trend that has hugely influenced supply chain management of organizations. There have been change in the climatic condition due to rise in weather and extreme sea levels. Such change has resulted in making it harder for creating great demand for resources. Scarcity in resources have been driven by growth in population and changes in weather. Due to such changes, there is an increased regulation that is directed towards sustainability and conservatism. Due to climatic change, there is an increased uncertainty about the manifestation and magnitude of the impact on supply chain management. There have been a multiplier effect on supply chain risk. There can be disruption in transport and availability of raw materials, this will result into shocks of global supply chain, and climatic change is regarded as risk multiplier. Supply chain networks run operational and reputational risks attributed change. Pressures of stakeholders are paving the way for decarbonization of supply chain and it is the obvious implication of supply chain management. Drivers of climatic change like environmental treaties are posing great threat for network of supply chain network and business opportunities. There have been emerging gain in market power, west has been the economic powerhouse. Due to increase in export, innovation and population are gaining more influence. As these countries have invested and trade and they are agreeing to grow at more rapid rate. More competition on global scale is due to shift in economic power. This will reduce the influence of western markets and made business seek opportunities placing established market, which is disadvantageous for growth (Melnyk et al. 2014). In order to gain a tax break, western government would notice large companies and they left settle in emerging markets. This would lead to lower taxes in order when moving broad. The relationship of market power to supply chain is not developed fully. Due to gradual increase in the market share of retailers, their position within the global food supply chain remains consolidated. This comprise of expansion into the distribution, production and processing sectors. For instance, Woolworths have been continuing to consolidate their closed supplier and buyer chains and suppliers incurred great costs and weakening their long-term financial viability. Using the appropriate information technology, would lead to supply chain with a competitive advantage. Inventory management, transportation and production are the areas where the usage of such information technology would reduce costs within the supply chain management. Some of the information technologies would reduce within the supply chain that will increase the efficiency. One of the component of supply chain management was in area of transportation. This would lead to greatly benefit from advancement in green technology. Another aspect of technology is packaging that has significantly affected the supply chain management. The state of security measures and practices at the forefront of supply chain management has been changed by cloud technology. Supply chain management providers would be able to adjust to the changing market volatility due to the technological advancement. One common challenge is rapid growth that provides solutions (Markmann et al. 2013). These are revolutiona ry technological that help shippers in streamlining their booking, tracking, freight quoting and reporting. Some of other challenge common to the supply chain in this context are warehouse are poor visibility across carriers, capitalizing in emerging global opportunities and navigating a morass regulations and rules. Technological aspects have bene harnessed by enterprise organizations for meeting the logistics challenges (Ellram and Cooper 2014). Identification of specific challenges faced by supply chain management and logistics: Some of the challenges faced by supply chain management is the cost cutting of transportation followed by improving customer service and business process improvement. I have researched that globalization has been changing the way companies are using their supply chain management for gaining market shares. Greater change in supply chain variability is due to the longer supply chain and disruptions arising from that. Due to multiple earthquakes, many organizations have encountered with supply disruptions (Fawcett et al. 2014). Supply chain visibility by unwillingness of the department to collaborate and inhibited by lack of capabilities. In nutshell, it can be said that leaders of supply chain struggles with globalization, risk management, cost containment, increasing demand of customers and supply chain visibility (Hoekstra et al. 2015). Organizations are forced to embark on new journey with changing market demand and shorter products life cycle. Finding just a lean concept is not the challenge facing supply chain but there needs to be working lean solution. In this regard, I would recommend the organization to have the value stream analysis, having an optimization process and using a service for design. Management of risk is becoming comprehensive with increasing in the complexity of supply chain management. Intelligence will help in developing a sustainable supply chain that would make wise uses of resources and positively influencing the communities in which they are operating. Advanced analytic skills possessed by managers helps in identification of finer segmentation of customers so that the offers are tailored accordingly (Lu et al. 2015). Substantial recommendation responding to future challenges of my specialization area: I have chosen the profession of supply chain managers and this will help me in discovering some of the factors leading to change in the supply chain management. I would be using my profession to solve various challenges faced with by the supply chain department if an organization. I would be responsible for totaling down the number of suppliers and would be responsible for finding suppliers with reliable and consistent service at such price that does not hurt the bottom line of supply chain (Waters and Rinsler 2014). This would help in dealing with the cost containment of supply chain management. I would be responsible for ranking the cost containment as the first priority of business. Some of the things that is quite evident in programs and activities of my profession is the intense focus on cost containment, which is one of the top global challenge facing supply chain. Another greatest management challenge tackled by supply chain managers is the visibility and collaboration that is required to get the information. In this regard, there is no attraction towards programs and activities. I would be citing significant cultural barriers for achieving the level of visibility required by supply chain management. I would be more focused on improving visibility and contribute to making collaborative planning with vendor management inventory and suppliers. Effective risk management has been prevented due to lack of standardized processes, inadequate technologies and insufficient data (Stadtler 2015). As a supplier chain manager, I would be having programs in place for monitoring compliance. As a manager, I would be taking risk management as a further step and would incorporate it into the plan and using the disruptive and monitoring the events. As a supply chain executive, there is an urgent need required for leadership talent. Such acquisition of talent is faced in Asia pacific region. There is a significant change required in executives of supply chain executives that involve rotating of leaders. I would be stimulating various course of action and will be responsible for making smarter supply chain management. In the event of disruptions occurring, I will be responsible for reconfiguring supply chain. Smarter supply chain would be equipped with simulation capabilities and sophisticated modeling (Coyle et al. 2016). Operation of supply chain would come with visibility and I would be responsible for tracking the supply chain of smarter supply chain and rainfall that would help in optimizing irrigation. Shipping methods and delivering routes would be done by monitoring traffic status. As a supply chain manager, prediction of shift in energy, labor and consumer buying, I would be following economic indicators and financial markets. In the todays technological era, managers are well equipped with analytic, modeling and simulation capabilities for making the smarter supply chain (Christopher 2016). For managing the risk and volatility arising with the global supply chain, I would recommend the organization to develop supply chain. This would help in mitigating as much as supply chain risks as possible. It is required on part of company to assess and identify the potential issues, gaining the transparency into the operations of suppliers by making the assessment of financial viability and working through what if scenarios (Zhang 2014). Conclusion: From the above discussion of the several challenges faced by supply chain management, there is a requirement for optimization and integration. Global quality problems and delivery bottlenecks would be identified with the help of increased visibility from interconnected and highly instrumented supply chain. With respect to technology, I would recommend fasteners to be highly functional. An organization can employ application-engineering service that offers fastening technical knowhow for supporting the development of new products. Reference: Beske, P. and Seuring, S., 2014. Putting sustainability into supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: an international journal,19(3), pp.322-331. Beske, P., Land, A. and Seuring, S., 2014. Sustainable supply chain management practices and dynamic capabilities in the food industry: A critical analysis of the literature.International Journal of Production Economics,152, pp.131-143. Chen, J. and Shen, X.L., 2015. Consumers' decisions in social commerce context: An empirical investigation.Decision Support Systems,79, pp.55-64. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Coyle, J.J., Langley, C.J., Novack, R.A. and Gibson, B., 2016.Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Ellram, L.M. and Cooper, M.C., 2014. Supply chain management: It's all about the journey, not the destination.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), pp.8-20. Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L. and Ogden, J.A., 2014.Supply Chain Management: From Vision to ImplementationAn Integrative Approach. Pearson Higher Ed. Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L.M. and Ogden, J.A., 2014.Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson. Heizer, R. and Barry, R., 2013.Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management(Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Hoekstra, J.C., Huizingh, E.K., Bijmolt, T.H. and Krawczyk, A.C., 2015. Providing Information and Enabling Transactions: Which Website Function Is More Important for Success?.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,16(2), p.81. Jacobs, F.R., Chase, R.B. and Lummus, R.R., 2014.Operations and supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Education. Lu, L.X. and Swaminathan, J.M., 2015. Supply chain management. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C. and Lalwani, C.L., 2016.Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Markmann, C., Darkow, I.L. and von der Gracht, H., 2013. A Delphi-based risk analysisIdentifying and assessing future challenges for supply chain security in a multi-stakeholder environment.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,80(9), pp.1815-1833. Melnyk, S.A., Narasimhan, R. and DeCampos, H.A., 2014. Supply chain design: issues, challenges, frameworks and solutions. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Simpson, D., Meredith, J., Boyer, K., Dilts, D., Ellram, L.M. and Leong, G.K., 2015. Professional, research, and publishing trends in operations and supply chain management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,51(3), pp.87-100. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Waters, D. and Rinsler, S., 2014.Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Wieland, A. and Handfield, R.B., 2016. Supply Chain Management. In5th World Conference onProduction and Operations Management. POM 2016. Zhang, Y., 2014. Research of the B2C E-commerce express logistics service quality evaluation system building.BioTechnology: An Indian Journal,10(15).